Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/13 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700150533-2 economic -Industry, factories, labor unicrs Sociological - Cducati.on, vocational schools PUBLISHED Monograph WHERE PUBLISHED Shanghai DATE PUBLISHED Oct 19!i9 SUBJECT How CLASSIFICATION CCIiFID;I iIAL CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY INFORMATION FROM FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS COUNTRY. China DATE GIST. :{ Jan 1954 SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT NO. iw.".TCS,~I'~TIO?I OF IY~IR~~ A.'dD VOC~:iIOIInL -r~l+71;II7G OF C:iLTiE:;E ';lORY;~'t:; ~or-~nt: This report ..^,urme;rizes Chaptzra I and VIII of n monograph entitled I_,:o Sheng-ch'an-ti Ch'c^E -??'-i`i (;, Prcductivc City) xritten by Chang P'ci and published i. t ;~~ Iisin-httn Shu- tien, );ast Chinn branch, 3hangliai, in June 1~i50. Phc r.xmoR?nph took its title from the first of tan articles on a vnriet~ of political and econor..ic subjectc which u_ro ori~,ina?.ly published. in the I~;ul:d_n Tuts.^?_p~a Jih-nno in the s:::~re~? o.' hli,,, r Tlris report presents ini'orciaticn ~,^ the ;?esm?atior. oi' Dairen Restoration of Production Sn Ikiiren bc;in to restore its econor.;ic tn_11-being. The f.i_?st ~ zlcstrial-plsnts,thst ucz?e .Y Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/13 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700150533-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/13: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700150533-2 To provide for the large number of unemployed, a fish net factory and hnnd- worY, shoe factory, each employing over 30,000 persons, were set in operation. As business gradually improved, there was an increase in the number of employed people and in their aggregate earnings. Then n new currency was introduced to take the place of the old inflated currency. As the new currency gained strength, it appreciated in value, and this was equivalent to an increase in the income of the people, which in turn resulted in further encouragesent to business. From 1946 to 1949 the number of people's cooperatives increased from two to 69, and the number of members frcm 7110 to 78,265, or about one third of the popu- lation. These cooperatives, largely by elinlnating the middlenan's profits, helped to ease the financial difficulties of the people. Thieves, beggars, prostitute, and vagrants were rounded up into compounds where they xere fed and housed but required to do work and undergo training in soars skill or trade to become self-supporting. The local goverment opened n wort:shop where rany of them found employment. In 1949, no beggars were to be seen on the streets of Dairen. The cardinal principle of the restoration of Dairen was to expand production and to organize and to educate the xorl:ing people. The application of this principle called for the introduction of labor unions and through them the pro- motion of political and technical education. In 1946, only about 26,000 rev were engaged in productive work; in 191+9, tl+is figux?e had risen to about 80,000 persons. The number still unemployed in 1949 was only about 3,000, mostly persons without any skill or trade; and it was expected thai they would find employment shortly. Counting the families and dependents of workers, about 375,OOG people were engaged in or supported by productive labor in 1949. Thus, it could truly be said that Dairen was a productive city; and that that was i.ts most recent, greatest, and rtost significant characteristic. A fact to be noted was that in Dairen, 28 percent of the workers employed in the productive enterprises were woven. They were xor}a ng net only in the light industries but in other occupations such as on the electric cars; and nine of them had completed their training and xere worY.ing as locomotive engineers and fireren. Establishr~ent of Vocational Training Schools To rertedy the lacy. of tecImicaliy trained workren and staff members,rnny of the large industries in Dairen were conducting technical schools. They included the Chung-Chang Railway Shops, the Far East Electrical Factory, the Dairen Transportation Company, the Shipbuilding and Repair Shop, and the Provincial Government Industrial Department. The courses of study in these schools varied in length from 6 months to 2 years, and the subjects of study and methods were closely relsted to the respective industries. The technical school of the Chung-Chang Railway Shops was opened in April 1946 and in 1949 was conducting its third course. At that time more than 1,000 men had studied in this school. In the 1949 group there ?ere 509 men, including 109 selected students xho had graduated from the px?eceding co+u?se and were held body were the sons of xor}:men in the shops. They were expected to be able +,o take their places as skilled workers xithin a short time after graduation. The superintendent of the shops xas the director of the school. The dean was n cnsn 33 years old with 17 years of experience in the shops. Posted in the classrooms was the folloxing statement of the school's purposes and aims: "To raise the ideological and cultural level of the students and to enable them to acquire the ability to serve the railways of the Ilew Democracy." Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/13 _CIA-RDP8000809A000700150533-2 , Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/13: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700150533-2 corrFlnErrrlAr, The?sreekly curriculum of the 2-year-course students was: algebra 5 periods, physics 2 periods, Chinese literature 2 periods,.engineering 2 periods, politics 3 Periods. The rest. of the time was devoted to practical work in the shops. The classes in politics included the nature of Communism, current events, the imitation. of the Soviet Union, labor and production, history of social develop- mettt, and the recent history of China. This school used the ten laboratories ,formerly used Dy the Japanese for the training of technicians.:- In the :xhibit room were all sorts of picrui.es, charts, and models of objects pertaining to railways., The technical school of the Dairen Transportation Company followed much the same pattern. It had in training 50 selected motormen and trainmen whc had previously taken a course in general educational sub,Jects in leisure time even- ing classes. In the forenoons they studied physics, chemistry, and algebra. The afternoons were spent in the workshops, the forge room, on lathe work, wind- ing armatures, studying motors,.transformers, the laying of tracks, and stringing line wires. Among the 50 students were four girls, three of whom were special- izing in thread-cutting lathe work, and one on the winding of armatures. The local government Department of Industry uas conducting schools to train skilled ,workers for the various industrial plants under its management, including spinning and weaving, chemistry, machinery, cocr..ercial bookkeeping, and cost accounting, In these classes 360 students are enrolled. Each course lasted 6 months. 4Riile in training, the students continued to receive their regular wages. In the Railway Shops school, the second-year course students received 2,k00 yusa per month; the First-year course students received 2,100 yuan per month; and,. in addition, 16 kilograms of grain and the privilege of purchasing miscellaneous articles at low prices in the company store. These training schools achieved good results. Among the 187 students that graduated from the first class in the Railway Shops school, 50 who previously were ordinary unskilled laborers with no education were graded as technicians in 1949) .and. many in classes in 1949 had already attained the rank of fifth grade .skilled workers. It was suggested that companies should set apart adequate funds. for the support of these technical training schools, and that this expenditure should be a recognized part of the cost of production. The mayor of Dairen, blao Ta-hsun, was formerly manager of the Dairen Transportation Company and conducted technical training classes. As a firm believer in their value, it was said that he intended to establish n municipal trade school with a 3-year course of study, and had secured the fwida for it, Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/13: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700150533-2

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